美国后要做的第一件事－申请SSN
Social Security Number（SSN），是美国生活的一个最重要的身份特征，但是他不能做为photo ID使用。Social Security Number里记录了你在美国生活所有的信用记录，申请信用卡，办理手机，申请贷款，等等很多时候都需要SSN（有些时候，没有SSN也可以办信用卡和手机，本手册后面详细介绍）。对于非美国公民或者美国居民（Permanent Resident），SSN只提供给在美国有工作的人，对于我们来说就是TA和RA是可以直接申请SSN的。自费的同学和拿Fellowship的同学一般是不能直接申请SSN的，但是可以通过在校内找兼职（本手册会详细介绍的）来申请SSN。
如果是TA或者RA，建议早点申请SSN，这样就可以早点办信用卡，办手机也可以不用给deposit了。一般规定是, 到美国15天以后就可以申请，但是申请的日期不能早过Employment Date。Employment Date会在那张On-Campus Employment的证明上清楚写明的。
那要怎样才能申请SSN 呢？到哪里去申请呢？
在SSA 政府网站上是可以查到很详细的信息的：SSA 网站 http://www.ssa.gov/
下文中也会为大家介绍一个大概流程：
Contents
How do I get a number and card?
What does it cost? Types of cards
How do I get my child a Social Security number?
What if my name changed?
Make sure your records are accurate
What if my immigration status or citizenship changed?
What if my card is lost or stolen?
Proving your identity
Protect your Social Security number
Contacting Social Security
How do I get a number and card?
You must complete an Application for a Social Security Card (Form SS-5). To get an application:
Go to www.socialsecurity.gov/online/ss-5.html on the Internet;
(Download Form SS-5：www.socialsecurity.gov/online/ss-5.html) or Call 1-800-772-1213;
or Visit a local Social Security office.( Find a local Social Security office http://s3abaca.ssa.gov/pro/fol/fol-home.html)
To get a Social Security card, you must provide original documents that show your age, identity and citizenship or lawful noncitizen status. We verify birth documents for U.S. citizens age 1 and older with the office that issued the documents. We verify Department of Homeland Security (DHS) documents for all noncitizens with DHS. You will get your number and card as soon as we have all of your information and your documents are verified.
提示：请先填好ss-5 表格再去办理SSN，虽然当场也可以填，不过先填好可以节约不少时间，而且可以慢慢地修改检查，不容易出错。去的时候可以带驾驶执照作为ID，也可以带护照做ID，请记住，SSA 只接受所有证明文件的原件，所以最好不要采用邮寄方式申请SSN号，以免原件丢失。
What does it cost?
There is no charge for a Social Security number and card. If someone contacts you and wants to charge you for getting a number or card, or for any Social Security service, please remember that Social Security services are free. You can report anyone attempting to charge you by calling our Office of the Inspector General hotline at 1-800-269-0271.
Types of cards
We issue three types of Social Security cards. All cards show your name and Social Security number. The first type of card shows your name and Social Security number and lets you work without restriction. We issue it to:
U.S. citizens; and People lawfully admitted to the United States with permanent DHS work authorization. The second type of card shows your name and number and notes, “VALID FOR WORK ONLY WITH DHS AUTHORIZATION.” We issue this type of card to people lawfully admitted to the United States on a temporary basis who have DHS authorization to work.
The third type of card shows your name and number and notes, “NOT VALID FOR EMPLOYMENT.” We issue it to people:
From other countries lawfully admitted to the United States without work authorization from DHS, but with a valid nonwork reason for needing a Social Security number; and Who need a number because of a federal law requiring a Social Security number to get a benefit or service.
请注意：H4 签证是无法申请到SSN 的，可以去税务局申请一个ITIN 号码代替SSN，以便考驾驶执照，如果一定想要一个SSN 号码，也是有变通办法的，譬如，你要考护士资格或者参加一些要求必须提供SSN 的特殊考核或者需要获得一些必须提供SSN 才能够得到的福利。不过建议大家，如果没什么特别要求，H4 最好不要以欺骗手段去获得SSN，以免影响国人在外的整体信誉。
How do I get my child a Social Security number?
It is a good idea to get the number when your child is born. You can apply for a Social Security number for your baby when you apply for your baby’s birth certificate. We will mail the Social Security card to you. Or, you can wait and apply at any Social Security office, but you will have to provide proof of age, identity and U.S. citizenship for your child and proof of your identity.
In addition, if your child is age 12 or older and needs to apply for an original number, he or she must have an in-person interview. If your child, age 12 or older was born in the United States, he or she must explain why he or she does not already have a Social Security number. If you need a Social Security number for your adopted child, you may want to wait until the adoption is complete. If you want to claim your child for tax purposes while the adoption is still pending, you need to contact the Internal Revenue Service for Form W-7A, Application For Taxpayer Identification Number For Pending U.S. Adoptions. For more information, ask for the publication, Social Security Numbers For Children (Publication No. 05-10023).
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